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1.5 generation
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Bilingual, bicultural Korean Americans who were born in Korea and then immigrated to the United States as children.
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abayah
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A long, robelike garment worn by an Arab women, covering from the shoulders down to feet. Also called a "chador" or "jilbab."
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able-bodied
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Also known as "AB." Refers to a person who does not have a disability. "Non-disabled" is preferred. Able-bodied comes from a physical ability perspective, excluding the majority of people with disabilities. It also infers that people with disabilities do not have "able" bodies.
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afflicted with (stricken with, suffers from, victim of)
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Avoid. Use neutral language when describing a person who has a disability. Not every person with a disability suffers, is victim of, or is stricken.
Instead use: "He has muscular dystrophy" or "she acquired a spinal cord injury."
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Africa
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Avoid presenting Africa as a monolith. It's the world's second largest continent, containing more than 40 nations with hundreds of distinct cultures and politics.
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African American
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Term describing U.S. permanent residents and citizens of African ancestry. Some people prefer the term "black." Best to ask individual preference. Use "black" as an adjective (i.e., black people) not as a noun. The terms "black" and "African American" are not synonymous. Some people from outside Africa (i.e., the Caribbean) may be considered "black" but not "African American." See also "black," and "hyphenated American."
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AIDS
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Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is a serious and often fatal medical condition that
compromises the human immune system, leaving the body defenseless against opportunistic
infections. Individuals may be HIV-positive but not have developed AIDS. AIDS is spread most
often through sexual contact; contaminated needles or syringes shared by drug abusers; infected
blood or blood products; and from pregnant women to their offspring. Do not refer to AIDS as a
death sentence, unless in a direct quote. Avoid equating solely with gay men with AIDS.
The disease affects all segments of all societies worldwide. Do not use the term "full-blown AIDS."
Avoid "AIDS sufferer" and "AIDS victim." Use "people with AIDS" or, if the context is medical, "AIDS patient."
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AIDS transmission
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Only relevant in a story about how people can get it; unprotected sex, blood products or dirty IV needles. Otherwise irrelevant to a story.
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alcoholic
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Avoid. Use "recovering" not "reformed" when referring to those with alcoholism.
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Alien Land Laws
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Enacted by many Western states in the early 1900s, these laws prevented Asians from owning land. Most of these laws were repealed in the late 1950s and 1960s.
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All American
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Refers to best high school and college athletes of the year. Not a synonym for white and blonde. Avoid using unless it is applied to anyone who is a U.S. citizen. A Eurocentric expression used to conjure up images of blonde, blue-eyed people who represent traditional images of white Americans. In a U.S. population of every ethnicity, use of "All American" until now, implies that anyone not of European descent is "other" and is not "All American." See also "Caucasian."
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Amerasians
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The term often is used to refer to children born in Korea of non-Asian-American fathers and Korean mothers, or Vietnamese mothers and non-Asian-American fathers.
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America
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Refers to the entire Western hemisphere and does not apply solely to the United States.
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American Indian
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Synonymous with "Native American." Some indigenous people in the United States prefer "American Indian" over "Native American." Best to ask individual preference. When possible, use national affiliation such as Navajo, Hopi, Cherokee. Use "native-born" to describe someone who is born in the United States, but isn't American Indian.
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American Indian Movement
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Activist organization known as AIM. Founded in 1968 to promote civil rights for Native Americans. AIM has sought recognition of treaty rights through sit-ins and highly visible protests. In 1972, AIM organized the "Trail of Broken Treaties," converging on Washington, D.C., before the presidential election. AIM has branches across the United States.
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ASL
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American Sign Language.
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Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
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This is federal civil rights legislation created in 1990 to address discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, public accommodations, transportation, telecommunications as well as state and local government services. ADA is acceptable on second reference.
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Angel Island
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The West Coast counterpart to Ellis Island, N.Y. A holding area in the San Francisco Bay established in 1910 to clear Chinese and other Asian immigrants. During World War II, Japanese Americans were confined on Ellis Island. See "Executive Order 9066" and "internment."
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Arab
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Refers to nation or people from an Arabic-speaking country. Not synonymous with Muslim. When referring to events in a specific country, name the country, rather than generalizing "Arab." Do not imply in headlines or text that "Arab" equals Muslim, holy war or terrorist. Note: Iran is not an Arab country. The majority of Iranian people are Persian and the language is Farsi.
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ARC
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AIDS-Related Complex. Replaced by HIV disease. Obsolete, do not use.
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Asian American
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A broad term describing U.S. permanent residents and citizens of Asian ancestry, which can include China, Japan, South Korea, India, Philippines, etc. For accuracy, it is recommended to use person's specific ethnic origin. See also "hyphenated Americans," and "Pacific Islander."
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Asian Exclusion Acts
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Laws barring or sharply restricting the immigration of Asians to the United States. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 barred Chinese laborers and prohibited Chinese from applying for citizenship. Later repealed in 1943. The 1924 Oriental Exclusion Act banned immigration from Asia. The 1934 Tydings-McDuffie Act imposed an annual quota of 50 Filipino immigrants. Only after 1965, with immigration laws designed to encourage European immigration, did Asian immigration also expand.
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Asian Indian
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Avoid. When distinguishing from Native Americans, use "people from India," or "Indian Americans " when referring to people U.S. permanent residents and citizens of Indian ancestry.
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Asiatic
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Avoid. A 19th century adjective typically used in "scientific" European treatises assuming the superiority of the white race. Implies enemy race. Instead use Asian, Asian Pacific American, Pacific Islander or Asian American. See also "Asian American" and "Caucasian."
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assistance animal (guide dog, Seeing Eye dog, service animal)
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There is no uniform terminology. Animals, mostly dogs, provide services to a person with a disability, including but not limited to people who use wheelchairs, are blind, deaf, or those who have seizures.
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